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that和which的用法区别

that和which的用法区别

2023-12-04 18:16:09 263浏览

that和which都可以用来引导定语从句,但他们在用法上有些区别,很多学生经常搞不懂它们两个的用法,不知道在句子中应该选哪一个引导词,从而在考试中丧失了很多分数。

that和which的用法区别:

1、that引导的定语从句通常是必需的,去掉后整个句子就不完整或不通顺。例如:

The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.

我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。

在这个句子中,从句that I bought yesterday不可省略,否则这个句子就不完整了。

2、Which引导的定语从句通常是非必需的,它只是对先行词进行补充说明。

例如:

I have a car, which is very old.

我有一辆车,它非常老了。

在这个句子中,从句which is very old可以省略,这个句子仍然是完整的。

3、That 通常只用于限定性定语从句,而which则可用于限定性或非限定性定语从句。

例如:

The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.

我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。

The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting.

那本我昨天买的书非常有趣。

在第一个句子中,从句 that I bought yesterday是一个限定性定语从句,它限定了先行词 book的范围。在第二个句子中,从句which I bought yesterday是一个非限定性定语从句,它仅仅是对先行词book的一个附加说明。

4、That通常不用于引导非人称先行词的定语从句,而which则可以。

例如:

The car which I bought last week is very fast.

我上周买的那辆车非常快。

The rule that I just mentioned is very important.

我刚才提到的那个规则非常重要。

在第一个句子中,先行词car是一个非人称名词,因此用which引导定语从句。在第二个句子中,先行词rule是一个人称名词,但是这个从句是一个限定性定语从句,因此需要用that引导。

that和which的考题:

一、选择题。

1、Don’t talk about such things of __________ you are not sure. 

A.which 

B.what 

C.as 

D.those 

2、Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day? 

A.that

B.where

C.in which

D.the one 

3、The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found. 

A.that 

B.where 

C.in which 

D.in that 

4、The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into ice. 

A.at which

B.on that

C.in which

D.of what 

5、The reason is __________ he is unable to operate the machine. 

A.because

B.why

C.that

D.whether 

答案:AAAAC。

二、单句改错。

1、Jim passed the driving test, it surprised everybody in the office.

2、Our teacher is very strict with us, that does much good to us.

3、The reason why he explained to me is not proper.

4、They talked about the things and persons whom they remembered when they were young.

答案:

1、it→which或在it前加上and。

2、that→which或在that前加上and。

3、去掉why或why→that/which。

4、whom→that。

that强调句型的用法:

强调句型的基本结构是It is ... that ...。无论强调的是人、物或情况,我们都可以用that,但要注意以下情况:

1、如果被强调的部分是人,我们除了用that,还可以用who或whom,有时可以根据上下文的需要使用whose。

例如:

It was Mr. Zhang who went to Beijing last month. 

上个月去北京的是张先生。

It is she whom you should ask.

你应该问的是她。

It was Foinet with whom Philip first came in contact.

菲利普最先接触的人是福尼特。

It was Uncle Bill whose address I lost.

我丢失的是比尔叔叔的通讯处。

2、如果被强调的是事物或情况,我们一般用that,指事物时可以用which。

例如:

It is a key which I found in his pocket.

我在他的口袋里找到的是一把钥匙。

It is not cold which makes me shiver.

使我发抖的不是寒冷。

3、如果被强调的是地点副词,我们可以用that或where。

例如:

It is here where he must wait for her.

他要等候她的地方是这里。

4、如果被强调的是时间副词或短语,我们可以用that或when。

例如:

It was yesterday when we saw that film. 

我们是在昨天看的那部电影。

5、如果被强调的部分是介词短语,我们不能用when或where,而要用that。

例如:

It is at 7:00 that he will leave for Hong Kong.

他将在7点动身去香港。

6、在口语中,我们平时使用的that,who,which都可以省略。

例如:

It was in Beijing we met last.

我上次见面是在北京。