八大时态的结构与用法

英语有八种不同的时态，每一种时态都有自己的特殊句式结构和用法。想要在英语中拿到高分，掌握着八大时态的结构与用法是很重要的。

八大时态的结构与用法：

1、一般现在时：

（1）定义：表示经常性的事情，经常性的动作或一般性事实。

（2）时间状语：often，usually，always，every，sometimes，at等等。

（3）结构：只有在第三人称单数用动词的“三单变化”，其他用动词的原形。

（4）否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。

（5）句子转换：当转换成一般疑问句时，把be动词放于句首，用助动词提问，并根据是否为第三人称单数而改动，后面的动词也要改为原形。

2、一般过去时：

（1）定义：表示过去某一时候或某一段时间所发生了的事情或存在的状态。

（2）时间状语：yesterday, this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last night / year / week, once upon a time, the other day, before等等。

（3）结构：be动词。

（4）否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。

（5）句子转换：当转换成一般疑问句时，was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。

3、现在进行时：

（1）定义：表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

（2）时间状语：now，at this moment，these days等等。

（3）结构：助动词 be ( am/is/are ) +doing。

（4）否定形式：be (am/is /are) +not +doing。

（5）句子转换：当转换成一般疑问句时，把be动词放于句首。

4、过去进行时：

（1）定义：表示在过去某个时间点发生或进行的行为的事情。

（2）时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词等等。

（3）结构：be (was/were )+doing。

（4）否定形式：be (was/were )+not+doing。

（5）句子转换：当转换成一般疑问句时，把be动词放于句首。

5、现在完成时：

（1）定义：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果或过去的动作或状态持续到现在。

（2）时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years等等。

（3）结构：主语+have/has +动词的过去分词。

（4）否定形式：主语+have/has + not +动词的过去分词。

（5）句子转换：当转换成一般疑问句时，把have/has放于句首。

6、过去完成时：

（1）定义：表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。

（2）时间状语：by, before等介词短语。

（3）结构：主语+had+过去分词。

（4）否定形式：主语+had+ not +过去分词。

（5）句子转换：当转换成一般疑问句时，had放于句首。

7、一般将来时：

（1）定义：表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。

（2）时间状语：tomorrow，next day，soon，in a few minutes，soon，by。

（3）结构：be (am /is/are ) going to+动词原形，shall/will＋动词原形。

（4）否定形式：be (am /is/are ) not going to+动词原形，shall/will not＋动词原形。

（5）句子转换：当转换成一般疑问句时，把be动词/shall/will放于句首。

8、过去将来时：

（1）定义：表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。

（2）时间状语：the next day,the following month等等。

（3）结构：would/should+动词原形，be(was,were)going to+动词原形。

（4）否定形式：would/should not+动词原形，be(was,were)not going to+动词原形。

（5）句子转换：当转换成一般疑问句时，把be动词/would/should放于句首。

八大时态的结构与用法习题：

1. The population of the world ____ still ____ now.

A. has; grown 

B. is; growing 

C. will; grow 

D. is; grown

2. ---Good evening. I _____ to see Miss Mary.

---Oh, good evening. I’m sorry, but she is not in.

A. have come 

B. come

C. came

D. had come

3. — It's time for dinner. Where is your father, Emma?

— He _____ his bike in the yard.

A. clean 

B. cleaned 

C. is cleaning 

D. will clean

4. If you _____ carefully, you ______ the report well.

A. will listen; will be understood 

B. will listen; understand

C. listen; will understand 

D. listen; understand

5. They ______ about eight hundred English words by the end of last term.

A. will learn 

B. had learned 

C. are going to learn 

D. have learned

6. —How did the accident happen?

—You know, it ______ difficult to see the road clearly because it.

A. was; was raining 

B. is; has rained

C. is; is raining 

D. will be; will rain

7. Attention, please. There _____ a football game between China and Korea this evening.

A. is going to be 

B. has been 

C. has

D. will have

8. —What does your sister like doing in her spare time？

—She _____ watching TV.

A. likes 

B. liked

C. has liked

D. had liked

9.—When ____ Jessy ____ to New York？

—Yesterday.

A. does; get 

B. did; get

C. has; got 

D. had; got

10. —How clean the bedroom is!

—Yes, I am sure that someone _____it.

A. cleans 

B. cleaned 

C. has cleaned 

D. had cleaned

11. My friend ______ me. I have to leave now.

A. waits for 

B. waited for 

C. is waiting for 

D. was waiting for

12. Be sure to let Tom know the notice as soon as he ______.

A. will arrive 

B. was arriving 

C. arrives 

D. arrived

13. I ______ the wrong thing. Can I use your eraser?

A. write 

B. wrote 

C. am writing 

D. will write

14. ---Are you going to help John with his Chinese this evening?

---NO, He ______ to England. He will be back next month.

A. returned 

B. has returned 

C. returns 

D. will return

15. ---Who's won the first prize in the competition?

---Henry______. He has ______ it for a week.

A. is, won

B. is, got

C. has, had 

D. has, been given

16. ---Is this the place that you ______ ?

---No. I've never been there before.

A. have visited

B. will visit

C. are visiting

D. would visit

17. It ______ outside. You'd better take an umbrella with you.

A. rains 

B. is raining 

C. rained 

D. has rained

18. ---Can I help you?

---I bought this watch here yesterday, but it ______ work.

A. won't 

B. didn't 

C. doesn't 

D. wouldn't

19. I used to love this film when I was young, but I ______ it that way any more.

A. don't feel

B. didn't feel 

C. haven't felt 

D. hadn't felt

20. ---How was your trip to the ancient village?

---Fantastic! We ___________to a museum of strange stones.

A. go 

B. went 

C. are going 

D. will go

21. —Where is Peter?

—He ______ volleyball with his friends in the school gym.

A. plays

B. played

C. is playing 

D. was playing

22. ---Hello! Can I speak to Mr. White?

---Sorry, he isn’t here right now. He ______ to the theme park.

A. will go 

B. was going 

C. has gone

D. has been

23. ---______ you ______ your drawing?

---Not yet! It will be done in a few minutes.

A. Did; finish 

B. Will; finish 

C. Do; finish 

D. Have; finished

24. She ______ as an animal trainer since 2003.

A. has worked 

B. works 

C. will work 

D. have worked

25. They ______ her to the party, so she was very happy.

A. invite 

B. invited 

C. will invite 

D. are inviting

26. Mr. Green ______ to the manager now. You’d better call him later.

A. talk 

B. talked 

C. is talking 

D. was talking

27. Prison Break is the best American TV play that I ______ these years.

A. watch 

B. will watch 

C. have watched 

D. was watching

28. ---Alice, turn down the TV, please. I _________ on the phone.

---Oh, sorry.

A. have talked 

B. talked 

C. am talking 

D. talk

29. --- Where are the Greens, may I ask?

--- Well, they ______ to England. They have been there for nearly a week now.

A. have been

B. are going to

C. have gone

D. will go

30.The teachers_______ the office for a few minutes when we arrived. We didn't meet them.

A. had been away from 

B. had left 

C. have been away from 

D. have left

答案：

1-5BBCCB 

6-10AAABC 

11-15CCBBC 

16-20ABCAB

21-25CCDAB 

26-30CCCCA